Script Kiddies and DoS Attacks

A script kiddie is an inexperienced hacker who uses already developed tools
and methods to exploit a system or penetrate a systemís defenses, instead of
creating those tools and methods on his own. Advanced hackers and code pro-
grammers are generally considered to be elite. These experienced individuals
can create a rootkit, whereas a script kiddie will only obtain and execute it.
A DoS attack is an attack on a network or system that is designed to tie
up the systemís or networkís resources so that legitimate requests for service
cannot be answered. For all known DoS attacks, there are software ?xes that
system administrators can install to limit the damage caused by the attacks,
and steps they can take to attempt to prevent the attacks. Since 2003, the
majority of widespread viruses and worms have been designed to take control
of usersí computers for use in DoS attacks to hide the identity of the true
attacker. Infected computer system hosts (called zombies) are used to send
large amounts of data, spam, pornography, and other random data to legiti-
mate hosts. A DoS attack is usually sourced from one or multiple locations to
attack a single location. A distributed denial of service (DDOS) attack is the
ìdistributedî form of the same attack, using multiple zombie hosts to perform
a larger-scale attack more quickly.


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Vista Is Still Susceptible to Older Malware

Since its release, Microsoft Windows Vista has already been reported to be
affected by old malware. In particular, Vista has been found to be susceptible
to three common malware exploits:
Stratio-Zip W32/Stratio-Zip is a family of Zip ?les containing
worms in the Stration family.
Netsky-D W32/Netsky-D is a worm that spreads via e-mail. When
e-mailing itself the worm can spoof the senderís e-mail address.
MyDoom-O W32/MyDoom-O is an e-mail worm that creates a ?le
named services.exe in the Windows or Temp folder, and then runs
the ?le. Services.exe is a backdoor component. The worm then
searches the hard diskís e-mail addresses.
When deploying Vista, be aware that although malware defense has
been forti?ed, it still has its faults. For more information on this subject,
visit www.sophos.com/pressof?ce/news/articles/2006/11/toptennov.htmland
http://news.zdnet.co.uk/security/0,1000000189,39284939,00.htm.

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Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses

Many of the original MS-DOS-based viruses and other types of malware were
written as experiments intended to be either harmless or destructive,and many were
created as simple and harmless pranks.As time went on,the level of skill used to
create such malware grew by leaps and bounds,and the severity of each payload
grew exponentially as well.This inevitably caused many software programmers to
stop coding,learn security fundamentals,and start coding again while applying those
fundamentals.Because it appeared that the exploit writers were outpacing the soft-
ware developers,this practice became ìmandatoryîwithin Microsoftís own camp.
Young,inexperienced software programmers and script kiddies learning about
viruses and the techniques used to write them were getting more advanced as the
tools they created or had at their disposal expanded in number.Some of these
malware attacks proved to hurt a global economy that now thrived on the use of
the Internet.As time went on,a chase seemed to ensue,and it appeared as though
the exploit writers were outpacing the productís legitimate software development
teams.As the use of the Internet exploded,it seemed as though malware grew
more and more destructive on a daily basis.Newer exploits were coming out
rapidly that were designed to destroy files on a hard disk or to corrupt the file
system so that it could not be used.Viruses were created to cause traffic flooding
to legitimate Web servers,putting them out of business.The list goes on and on.It
wasnít until malware became extremely destructive that action was taken on a
grand scale.In 1999,Melissa (a well-known computer virus) really showed us how
fast (and far) a virus could spread.It also showed us how vulnerable our systems
were to attacks that could hurt a companyís bottom line.Melissa was the first virus

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Malware Fundamentals

Intruders,hackers,or attackers who access networks and systems without authoriza-
tion and with malicious motives can plant various types of programs to cause
damage to the network,your system,and your data.These programsóoften lumped
together under the general term virusesóperform many different functions and are
classi?ed under different categories.In this section,we will look at how granular the
term malware can actually be.Itís important to have a general understanding of the
different classi?cations of malware,and itís equally important to understand their
general behavior.
Malware is any software product or program that has been created with an intent
to cause damage or harm.The word malice is a legal term used to de?ne the inten-
tion of one party to harm or cause injury to another party.When applied to com-
puter technology,the word holds equal meaning.A malicious party creates software
to cause havoc on any host that downloads and installs it,whether knowingly or
unknowingly.When discussing malware,itís important to classify it.The term malware
is generally used to describe a broad spectrum of different types of software,such as
computer viruses,Trojans,worms,adware,and spyware.Just about any form of hos-
tile,intrusive,or annoying software or program code can be classi?ed as malware.


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Malware removal

Intruders,hackers,or attackers who access networks and systems without authoriza-
tion and with malicious motives can plant various types of programs to cause
damage to the network,your system,and your data.These programsóoften lumped
together under the general term virusesóperform many different functions and are
classi?ed under different categories.In this section,we will look at how granular the
term malware can actually be.Itís important to have a general understanding of the
different classi?cations of malware,and itís equally important to understand their
general behavior.
Malware is any software product or program that has been created with an intent
to cause damage or harm.The word malice is a legal term used to de?ne the inten-
tion of one party to harm or cause injury to another party.When applied to com-
puter technology,the word holds equal meaning.A malicious party creates software
to cause havoc on any host that downloads and installs it,whether knowingly or
unknowingly.When discussing malware,itís important to classify it.The term malware
is generally used to describe a broad spectrum of different types of software,such as
computer viruses,Trojans,worms,adware,and spyware.Just about any form of hos-
tile,intrusive,or annoying software or program code can be classi?ed as malware.


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Uninstalling Unused Network Protocols and Services

Unwanted network protocols and services consume network resources.You should uninstall these ser-
vices and protocols if they are not used in the network.If you have multiple network protocols
installed for a particular network adapter,check their binding order as well.The Network and
Sharing Center in Windows Vista provides a central place to manage networking hardware,protocols,
and resource sharing.In order to view the protocols installed for a particular adapter,perform the fol-
lowing steps:
1.Right-click the network icon on the Taskbar and click Network and Sharing Center.
2.In the Network and Sharing Center,click the Manage Network Connections link.
3.Right-click the network connection (for example,Local Area Connection) and select
Properties.
4.Click the Continue button in the User Account Control dialog box.
5.In the Local Area Connection Properties window,check the installed protocols and
services for the network adapter.This is shown in Figure 10.23.
6.Clear the checkbox for a service or protocol that is not required.
7.Click OK to save your settings and close the Properties window.


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Protecting Memory from Malicious Applications

Windows Vista includes Data Execution Prevention (DEP),a memory protection application that monitors the use of memory by applications.By default,it does not allow applications to use those memory locations reserved for the system.This essentially helps protect the system from malicious code that may insert itself into a system memory location.In other words,DEP is a security feature that allows only system applications to use system memory locations.If DEP detects that any appli- cation is inappropriately using system memory locations,it shuts down the application and displays a message.
By default,DEP is enabled only for essential Windows services and applications.You can con-
?gure DEP for all services and programs as well as specify exceptions.Vista provides this feature as a software-based solution for protecting system memory.Some hardware vendors provide DEPas a hardware-based solution.Even if your computer hardware does not support DEP,a malicious applica- tion such as a virus program can be prevented by Windows Vista DEP from undesired use of system memory.This helps in keeping the system stable by preventing inappropriate memory usage by mali- cious software.

Enabling Data Execution Prevention
To check whether your computer supports DEP or not,or to enable DEP,use the following
procedure:
1.Click Start | Control Panel |System and Maintenance | Performance
Information and Tools.
2.Click the Adjust Visual Effects link on the left-hand side panel.
3.Click the Continue button in the User Account Control dialog box to con?rm your
administrative action.
4.Click the Data Execution Prevention tab in the Performance Options window.The
DEP window is shown in Figure 10.17.
5.Notice that DEP is enabled by default for essential Windows programs and services only.
The information on the bottom part of the window indicates that the computerís processor
supports hardware-based DEP.
6.To enable DEP for all programs and services (including Windows programs and services),
click the radio button for Turn on DEP for all programs and services except those
I select.
7.Click the Add button to add exceptions.Select the applications for which you do not wish
to enable DEP.
8.Click OK twice to close the Performance Options window.

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